{"id":13,"date":"2025-09-22T09:33:13","date_gmt":"2025-09-22T01:33:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/augushong.com\/?p=13"},"modified":"2025-09-22T09:34:39","modified_gmt":"2025-09-22T01:34:39","slug":"13","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/augushong.com\/?p=13","title":{"rendered":"BTRFS \u6838\u5fc3\u7b14\u8bb0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

BTRFS \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u5199\u65f6\u590d\u5236 (Copy-on-Write, CoW)<\/strong> \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4e13\u4e3a Linux \u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6240\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

\u4e00\u3001\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u4f18\u52bf<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  1. \u5199\u65f6\u590d\u5236 (CoW)<\/strong>\uff1a\u4fee\u6539\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u539f\u5730\u8986\u76d6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c06\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5199\u5165\u65b0\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u5feb\u7167\u3001\u538b\u7f29\u548c\u6570\u636e\u6821\u9a8c\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. \u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u548c\u5143\u6570\u636e\u751f\u6210\u6821\u9a8c\u548c (Checksums)\u3002\u80fd\u81ea\u52a8\u68c0\u6d4b\u5e76\uff08\u5728\u6709\u5197\u4f59\u65f6\uff09\u4fee\u590d\u201c\u9759\u9ed8\u6570\u636e\u635f\u574f\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. \u5185\u7f6e\u591a\u8bbe\u5907\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a\u539f\u751f\u652f\u6301 RAID\uff0c\u65e0\u9700mdadm<\/code>\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u5728\u7ebf\u6dfb\u52a0\u3001\u5220\u9664\u78c1\u76d8\u548c\u8f6c\u6362 RAID \u7ea7\u522b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. \u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387<\/strong>\uff1a\u5feb\u7167\u548c\u514b\u9686\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u5360\u7528\u989d\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u900f\u660e\u538b\u7f29\u80fd\u663e\u8457\u8282\u7701\u78c1\u76d8\u5bb9\u91cf\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
    \n\n\n\n

    \u4e8c\u3001\u5173\u952e\u7279\u6027\u8be6\u89e3<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    1. \u5b50\u5377 (Subvolumes) \u4e0e\u5feb\u7167 (Snapshots)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    • \u5b50\u5377<\/strong>\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u90e8\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u72ec\u7acb\u6302\u8f7d\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u6811\u3002\u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u5377\u5c31\u50cf\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e00\u6837\u7b80\u5355\u5feb\u901f\u3002bash sudo btrfs subvolume create \/path\/to\/subvolume<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u5feb\u7167<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u5377\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\u7684\u53ea\u8bfb\uff08\u6216\u53ef\u5199\uff09\u526f\u672c\u3002\u521b\u5efa\u77ac\u95f4\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u4e14\u521d\u59cb\u4e0d\u5360\u7528\u989d\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u5feb\u7167\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\uff0c\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u624d\u4f1a\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002bash sudo btrfs subvolume snapshot -r \/source \/destination<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u4e0e\/etc\/fstab<\/code> \u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/strong>\uff1a\n
        \n
      • \u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u6539fstab<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u4ec5\u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u5377\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u666e\u901a\u76ee\u5f55\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u914d\u989d\u3001\u5feb\u7167\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\u4f9d\u7136\u53ef\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u9700\u8981\u4fee\u6539fstab<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\n
          \n
        1. \u5c06\u5b50\u5377\u6302\u8f7d\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        2. \u4e3a\u5b50\u5377\u8bbe\u7f6e\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u6302\u8f7d\u9009\u9879<\/strong>\uff08\u5982nodatacow<\/code>,compress<\/code>\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        3. \u5c06\u5b50\u5377\u8bbe\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u6839\u76ee\u5f55<\/strong>\uff08\u5982subvol=@<\/code>\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          2. \u900f\u660e\u538b\u7f29<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
            \n
          • \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u5f00\u542f<\/strong>\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u542f\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • \u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5199\u5165\u78c1\u76d8\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u538b\u7f29\uff0c\u8bfb\u53d6\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u89e3\u538b\uff0c\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u900f\u660e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • \u63a8\u8350\u7b97\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1azstd<\/code>\uff0c\u5728\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u538b\u7f29\u7387\u4e4b\u95f4\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u6781\u4f73\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • \u5982\u4f55\u542f\u7528 (\u63a8\u8350)<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\/etc\/fstab<\/code> \u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0compress=zstd<\/code> \u6302\u8f7d\u9009\u9879\u3002fstab # \u793a\u4f8b UUID=... \/ btrfs defaults,subvol=@,compress=zstd 0 0<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • \u6ce8\u610f<\/strong>\uff1a\u542f\u7528\u540e\u53ea\u5bf9\u65b0\u5199\u5165\u6216\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u751f\u6548\u3002\u8981\u538b\u7f29\u73b0\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u9700\u8fd0\u884csudo btrfs filesystem defragment -r -czstd \/path<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

            3. \u5185\u7f6e RAID<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
              \n
            • \u6838\u5fc3\u4f18\u52bf<\/strong>\uff1a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u77e5\u6653\u5e95\u5c42\u78c1\u76d8\u5e03\u5c40\uff0c\u53ef\u7ed3\u5408\u6821\u9a8c\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u81ea\u6211\u4fee\u590d (Self-healing)<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • RAID \u7ea7\u522b\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\n
                \n
              • \u2705 \u7a33\u5b9a\u53ef\u7528<\/strong>\uff1aRAID 1, RAID 10, RAID 0<\/strong>\u3002\u63a8\u8350\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5197\u4f59\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • \u274c \u7edd\u5bf9\u7981\u7528<\/strong>\uff1aRAID 5, RAID 6<\/strong>\u3002\u5b58\u5728\u201c\u5199\u5165\u6f0f\u6d1e\u201d\uff0c\u6709\u6570\u636e\u4e22\u5931\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • \u7075\u6d3b\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u53ef\u4e3a\u6570\u636e (data) \u548c\u5143\u6570\u636e (metadata) \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 RAID \u7ea7\u522b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                \n\n\n\n

                \u4e09\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e0e\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                1. \u684c\u9762\u7cfb\u7edf (\u7edd\u4f73\u9009\u62e9)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                  \n
                • \u738b\u724c\u529f\u80fd<\/strong>\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5feb\u7167\u4e0e\u56de\u6eda\u3002\u901a\u8fc7Timeshift<\/code> \u6216Snapper<\/code> \u7b49\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u66f4\u65b0\u51fa\u9519\u540e\u77ac\u95f4\u6062\u590d\u5230\u66f4\u65b0\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • \u6570\u636e\u5b89\u5168<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e3a\/home<\/code> \u76ee\u5f55\u521b\u5efa\u5feb\u7167\uff0c\u8f7b\u677e\u5e94\u5bf9\u8bef\u5220\u9664\u548c\u52d2\u7d22\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • \u8282\u7701\u7a7a\u95f4<\/strong>\uff1a\u542f\u7528zstd<\/code> \u538b\u7f29\uff0c\u5bf9\u6587\u6863\u3001\u4ee3\u7801\u7b49\u6709\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                  2. Docker (\u5b8c\u7f8e\u642d\u6863)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                    \n
                  • \u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a\u542f\u7528btrfs<\/code> \u5b58\u50a8\u9a71\u52a8\u540e\uff0cDocker \u955c\u50cf\u5c42\u662f\u53ea\u8bfb\u5feb\u7167\uff0c\u5bb9\u5668\u662f\u53ef\u5199\u5b50\u5377\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • \u4f18\u52bf<\/strong>\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u5171\u4eab\u6548\u7387\u9ad8\uff0c\u5bb9\u5668\u542f\u505c\u901f\u5ea6\u5feb\uff0cI\/O \u6027\u80fd\u597d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • \u914d\u7f6e<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\/etc\/docker\/daemon.json<\/code> \u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\"storage-driver\": \"btrfs\"<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                    3. \u6570\u636e\u5e93 (\u5982 MySQL) (\u9700\u8c28\u614e\u914d\u7f6e)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                      \n
                    • \u95ee\u9898<\/strong>\uff1a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684 CoW \u673a\u5236\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u968f\u673a\u5199\u6a21\u5f0f\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u4e0b\u964d<\/strong>\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u788e\u7247\u5316<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • \u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/strong>\uff1a\u5fc5\u987b\u7981\u7528 CoW<\/strong>\u3002\n
                        \n
                      1. \u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u7528\u76ee\u5f55\uff08\u6216\u5b50\u5377\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      2. \u5728\u76ee\u5f55\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6<\/strong>\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528sudo chattr +C \/path\/to\/db_data<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u7981\u7528 CoW\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      3. \u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u6570\u636e\u76ee\u5f55 (datadir<\/code>) \u6307\u5411\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      4. \u7ed3\u8bba<\/strong>\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u66f4\u7a33\u59a5\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u662f XFS<\/strong> \u6216 EXT4<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                        \n\n\n\n

                        \u56db\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898 (Gotchas)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                          \n
                        • \u5feb\u7167\u7a7a\u95f4\u5360\u7528<\/strong>\uff1a\n
                            \n
                          • \u5feb\u7167\u53ea\u4e3a\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/strong>\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                          • \u4f30\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f<\/strong>\uff1a\u603b\u7a7a\u95f4 \u2248 \u57fa\u7840\u6570\u636e + (\u6bcf\u65e5\u6570\u636e\u53d8\u5316\u91cf \u00d7 \u5feb\u7167\u4fdd\u7559\u5929\u6570) + 20%\u9884\u7559\u7a7a\u95f4<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                          • \u5bf9\u4e8e 100GB \u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559 3 \u5929\u5feb\u7167\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a 150GB – 200GB<\/strong> \u7684\u786c\u76d8\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                          • df<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e<\/strong>\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u5feb\u7167\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0cdf<\/code> \u663e\u793a\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u76f4\u89c9\u3002\u5e94\u4f7f\u7528sudo btrfs filesystem usage \/<\/code> \u67e5\u770b\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u5206\u914d\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                            <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                            BTRFS \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u5199\u65f6\u590d\u5236 (Copy-on-Write, CoW) \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4e13\u4e3a Linux \u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/augushong.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/augushong.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/augushong.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/augushong.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/augushong.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=13"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"http:\/\/augushong.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16,"href":"http:\/\/augushong.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13\/revisions\/16"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/augushong.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=13"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/augushong.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=13"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/augushong.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=13"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}